What are Piano Chord Inversions?
When you play chord piano, you need to be able to move from chord to chord smoothly and with minimum effort. By inverting chords, you can do just that!
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When you make an inversion of a piano chord, you simply rearrange the notes using the same notes in a different order.
When you know how to play chords in different positions or inversions, you can play chords following each other by choosing a chord inversion that allows you to play with minimum movement from one chord to the next.
You don't want to jump like a kangaroo but slide effortlessly from one chord to the next. Moving from one chord to the next by changing only one or two notes is the best!
And- you want to be able to do it so that you can play it using only one hand. This is also called a close position.
With a triad, or a three-note chord, you have three possibilities of inverted positions (piano chord inversions):
If you have a four-note chord, for example, a C7 (C, E, G, and Bb), you have four positions with also a third inversion that has the 7th in the bass.
The C major triad has three notes. The root is C (red), the third is E (blue), and the fifth is G (green). This is called a C major chord in root position:
Using the same notes but moving the C (or the root) one octave higher, gives us the First Inversion:
And, moving the third one octave higher gives us the Second Inversion:
If we would move the fifth one octave higher we would return to the root position again one octave higher.
7th chords are constructed with four notes, the root, third, fifth and seventh. It can be played in four inversions; the root position, 1st, 2nd and also 3rd Inversion (since it has four notes):
Root Position:
1st inversion (moves the root one octave higher):
2nd inversion (moves the third one octave higher):
3rd inversion (moves the fifth one octave higher):
All music chords can be inverted. As long as you don't change any of the notes because then it turns into another chord!
A chord with three notes will give you three inversions of the same chord. With a four-note chord, four inversions, and so on.
It is still the same chord, but you have now more choices for a smooth transition from one chord position to the next in what is called harmonic progression or chord progression.
When progressing from one chord to the next, first check what notes the chords have in common. For example, a C major chord contains the notes C-E-G, and an F major chord the notes F-A-C. The note C is a common note.
So, when moving from C major in root position (C-E-G) to F major (F-A-C) you can keep C (the note they have in common) and the other two notes have to move only one step up, from E to F and from G to A. This gives you an F major chord in the second inversion, C-F-A.
An excellent exercise is to practice chords in all keys and all inversions. Practice playing them both blocked (all notes at once), and broken or as arpeggios (one note at a time).
By knowing about piano chords and chord inversions, it's easy to see how a piano composition is constructed and to be able to analyze some of the most common chords.
This, in turn, makes it easier to learn a new piece, since you now can "block out" and learn large parts of the composition, which often consists of chords in different shapes and inversions.